3省农村居民健康知识现状及影响因素研究

目的了解农村居民健康知识现状及其影响因素,并探索提高居民健康知识的思路和方法。方法采用单纯随机抽样方法,以自行设计的自填式问卷为调查工具,对四川、甘肃、陕西3省项目村648名农村居民进行问卷调查。调查内容包括:居民基本情况、健康知识知晓情况和健康教育干预活动参与情况。结果 6道健康知识题均回答正确的居民为243人(37.5%),均回答错误者为19人(2.9%)。女性居民健康知识高得分组者是男性居民的2.161倍,参加讲座、同伴教育、获得宣传材料居民的健康知识高得分组者,分别是没有参加相应健康教育干预活动的2.720、2.147和2.159倍(P<0.01)。结论农村居民健康知识水平有待进一步提高,举办讲座、开展同伴教育、发放宣传材料是有助于居民健康知识水平提高的健康教育干预活动。     

情侣及单身青年营养知识、态度、行为调查

目的 了解情侣与单身青年营养知识、态度、行为差异,为对青年人进行营养宣教提供科学依据。方法 随机抽取山东济南市区100对情侣和单身青年男女各100名进行营养知识、态度、行为及情侣间饮食影响问卷调查。结果 情侣组男女平均分分别为16.99和17.43分,单身组男女平均分分别为16.44和16.24分,情侣组男女平均分均高于单身组男女(P<0.05);情侣组和单身组女性对营养知识感兴趣的分别有86,83人,分别占86%和83%,均高于2组男性(P<0.05);情侣组和单身组男性在外就餐的分别有36,41人,分别占36.7%和42.3%,均高于2组女性(P<0.05);情侣组和单身组女性有挑食习惯的分别有29,33人,分别占29.6%和33.0%,均高于2组男性(P<0.05)。结论 性别和是否单身对青年人营养知识、态度、行为有影响;情侣营养知识掌握较好,女性营养态度较好,男性在外就餐者多于女性,爱挑食者少于女性。     

北京市居民健康相关知识、理念与行为分析

目的了解北京市居民健康相关知识、信念、行为现状,为动态评价奥运相关影响提供基线数据。方法利用媒体以自填、有奖调查的方式收集资料,共收回有效问卷10496份。结果居民对健康理念的正确理解率为54.2%,对心血管疾病与肺癌危险因素的知晓率为10.2%和12.3%。低龄、低文化、低收入“三低”人群知识水平较低。老年人群的知识水平高,健康行为的采取率最高。高教育水平、高收入者知识水平较高,但规律锻炼率低。居民规律体育锻炼率为59.6%。超过50%的居民意识到筹办奥运期间开展包括健康教育在内的诸多措施会对健康产生影响。结论居民的健康知识水平有待提高,吸烟、不参加锻炼行为需改善。应针对不同人群的特点,利用筹办奥运契机开展有效的干预。     

营养教育对中学生健康知识态度行为的影响效果评价

目的评价营养教育对中学生健康知识、态度和行为的影响,为探讨有效的营养健康教育方法提供依据。方法采取整群随机抽样的方法,抽取平顶山市4个区8所中学学生共4430名,进行营养知识、态度、行为调查。将学生分为营养教育组和对照组,对2118名营养教育组学生进行针对性营养宣教,并比较教育前后的效果。结果营养教育后,学生营养KAP明显提高,知道高血压与摄入食盐过多有关的人由46.3%上升为53.5%;70.0%的学生认为很有必要进行营养教育;教育组谷类、薯类、豆类消费增加人数分别较对照组高2.5,2.6和2.8个百分点。结论营养教育能提高中学生的营养知识,改善其态度及行为;营养知识讲座和营养咨询是受中学生欢迎的教育形式。     

Open access for operational research publications from low- and middle-income countries: who pays?

Open-access journal publications aim to ensure that new knowledge is widely disseminated and made freely accessible in a timely manner so that it can be used to improve people''s health, particularly those in low- and middle-income countries. In this paper, we briefly explain the differences between closed- and open-access journals, including the evolving idea of the ‘open-access spectrum’. We highlight the potential benefits of supporting open access for operational research, and discuss the conundrum and ways forward as regards who pays for open access.     

The effect of menstrual phase and hormonal contraception on successful bilateral placement of the Essure micro-insert tubal coil

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of menstrual phase and preoperative hormonal contraception on successful bilateral placement of the Essure micro-insert tubal coil. It is a retrospective review (Canadian Task Force classification II-2) which was completed in an ambulatory women’s health center in the Regina Qu’Appelle Health Region. Women of reproductive age presenting with a request for permanent contraception using the hysteroscopic sterilization with the Essure micro-insert coil were enrolled. The main outcome measure was the successful bilateral placement of the Essure micro-insert tubal coil defined as bilateral visualization of the tubal ostia and cannulation with the Essure micro-insert coil. Eighty-one of 84 patients (96%) had successful visualization of the tubal ostia with bilateral placement achieved in 78/81 (96%). There was no difference (p = 959) in success rate based on the menstrual phase nor was there a difference between patients using hormonal contraception compared to patients using non-hormonal contraception (p = 0.557). Successful bilateral placement of the Essure micro-insert tubal coil can be completed in all phases of the menstrual cycle, without endometrial suppression by hormonal contraceptives.     

国产三相避孕片对月经失调妇女血脂的影响

研究三相避孕片治疗功血及闭经等疾病对血脂的影响.患者按21随机分配为试验组60例和对照组32例.试验组用三相片3周期,对照组EE0.03mg/日,连服20天,自服EE第11天起序贯加用MPA4mgBid,连服10天,共用3周期.两组用药前及停药后测量血脂.结果功血患者血脂变化TC及LDL-C上升具有统计学意义,但均在正常范围内波动.元排卵型功血的血脂影响最小;CT/HDL-C及LDL-C/HDL-C变化均无统计学意义.对闭经妇女,TC/HDL-C,LL-C/HDL-C均上升,有显著性差异,亦在正常范围波动.提示三相避孕片作为治疗功血控制月经周期,对闭经作人工周期治疗等,对血脂代谢影是安全的,其血脂代谢血变化也是在正常范围内波动.     

Piloting a food photo sorting activity in Samoa to assess maternal beliefs and their role in child diet

Eating habits begin forming early in life when parental beliefs and behaviours often play a major role in shaping dietary intake. We aimed to assess maternal beliefs about the cost, social status, and nutritional value of foods in Samoa—a setting with an alarming burden of childhood obesity—and to determine how those beliefs may be related to child dietary intake. Samoan mothers (n = 44) sorted photographs of 26 foods commonly consumed in children in Samoa by cost, social status, and nutritional value (healthfulness). Responses were then assessed for their association with child dietary intake (reported using a food frequency questionnaire) using Pearson correlations. Mothers indicated that traditional Samoan foods were healthier, of higher social status, and lower cost compared with non‐traditional/imported food items. Compared with nutritional experts and a market survey of food prices, mothers demonstrated strong nutritional (r = .87, 95% CI [0.68, 0.95], p < .001) and consumer (r = .84, 95% CI [0.68, 0.93], p < .001) knowledge. The perceived cost of food was more strongly associated (r = ?.37, 95% CI [?0.66, 0.02], p = .06) with child dietary intake than either healthfulness or social status, with decreasing consumption reported with increasing food cost. Our findings contradicted the notion that the high social status of imported foods may be contributing to increased intake and rising prevalence of childhood obesity in this developing country setting. Despite their nutritional knowledge, Samoan mothers may need additional support in applying their knowledge/beliefs to provide a healthy child diet, including support for access to reasonably priced healthy foods.     

The usefulness of nutrition and health videos displayed on mobile phones in rural Uganda: Experiences of community health workers and mothers

Improvements in community health workers'' (CHWs) knowledge and practices in low‐income countries increasingly involve mobile phones and videos. However, little data exists on CHWs’ and mothers’ experiences of using such phones and videos. In this study, educational videos on nutrition, health and hygiene were downloaded onto mobile phones, which were given to 12 CHWs in rural Uganda. In 2018, these CHWs used the videos for a period of 3 months to support their work during their visits with families. We subsequently conducted individual interviews with eight CHWs and held four focus group discussions with 16 mothers. From the inductively analysed data, we identified four key themes: impact, competence, meaningfulness and choice, which are also dimensions of the Intrinsic Task Motivation Model. The model describes the motivation of workers and has previously been used in connection with CHWs. In our study, CHWs and mothers considered that the videos had more strongly impacted their learning than traditional teaching methods, and they felt the videos improved the child feeding and caring competence of both CHWs and mothers. Furthermore, the CHWs found that the videos enhanced the meaningfulness of their work, as they felt more greatly appreciated and necessary. In addition, they experienced more freedom of choice in their ability to influence their working routines. This study shows that educational videos are well received among CHWs and mothers. Educational videos are a promising method to maintain and improve the motivation of voluntary CHWs and influence correct child feeding and hygiene practices in Uganda.     

Development of the breast milk expression experience measure

Exclusive breastfeeding provides optimal nutrition through 6 months. Recent research has shown that milk expression may affect breastfeeding duration. A woman's experience with milk expression might mediate the effect of milk expression on breastfeeding duration. The objective of this study was to develop a measure to evaluate women's experiences of expressing milk. Based on the available literature, we developed a brief measure of the Breast Milk Expression Experience (BMEE) assessing three dimensions: (1) social support for milk expression; (2) ease of learning how to express milk; and (3) personal experiences of milk expression. All items used 1–5 Likert scales, with higher scores indicating better experiences. We administered the items immediately after expression to 68 mothers who expressed milk post‐partum. We evaluated this measure for reliability using Cronbach's alpha. Mothers completing the BMEE were 57% primiparous with 75% vaginal births. The BMEE demonstrated appropriate reliability with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.703 for the summary index and 0.719–0.763 for social support, learning experience and personal experience subscales. The BMEE also indicated good predictive validity; of the six mothers who had a mean score <3 on the 11‐item scale post‐partum, two (33.3%) were expressing breast milk at 1 month, compared with 37 (80.4%) of the 46 mothers who had a mean score ≥3 on the 11‐item scale post‐partum (P = 0.012). The BMEE is a promising measure of milk expression experience in this population. Use of this measure may allow improved understanding of women's experiences expressing milk.